In tests of over 8,000km, the autonomous tram proves its reliability and safety
Moscow officially launched a pioneering Russian autonomous tram, demonstrating significant advances in the country's public transport infrastructure and smart city innovation. The Tram, named Lvyonok 71-911em and called “Little Lion”, is operated using artificial intelligence and advanced automation systems developed in Moscow. This movement is a scene as a landmark in urban mobility technology.
Milestones in Transportation Innovation
This autonomous tram can independently navigate Moscow's busy streets, stop, open and close doors, follow traffic lights, succumb to pedestrians, and switch trucks automatically. Since May 2024, the tram has undergone rigorous testing covering more than 8,000 kilometers without a single traffic violation, demonstrating the reliability and safety of the AI-powered system before passenger service begins.
Moscow's transport authorities are taking a step-by-step approach to launching streetcars. The first stage included unmanned travel without passengers and equipped with safety drivers who intervene when necessary. The subsequent phase introduced supervised passenger travel. By the end of 2025, the trams are expected to drive autonomously with passengers and no drivers to control. However, the operator will continue to board for safety monitoring.
Technology and Automation
TRAM works at automation level GOA3. This means that operators can use it in emergencies, but can function without a driver. It is equipped with state-of-the-art hardware including four LIDARs, six cameras and three radar sensors. These devices allow for accurate detection of other vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, signals and truck switches in a variety of weather and lighting conditions. Advanced AI software developed by the Moscow government manages the operation of vehicles and decision-making processes.
The autonomous tram travels at speeds up to 60 km/h and includes emergency braking features to ensure smooth and safe rides. Use high-precision mapping in conjunction with GPS to maintain location accuracy across the route. The development is part of Moscow's strategic transport vision, which aims to integrate autonomous technologies across the tram network to improve efficiency and safety.
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Expansion plan
Moscow plans to significantly increase its fleet of self-driving routes. By the end of 2025, three autonomous trams will be in operation. This number is set to rise to 15 by 2026. There are also ambitious goals with over 300 autonomous capabilities by 2030. The ultimate goal is an autonomous tram that represents 90% of the city's tram fleet by 2035.
Furthermore, Moscow is expanding its autonomous technology beyond the streetcars. Testing for the city's first autonomous metro train is scheduled to begin in December 2025. Full passenger service is expected by 2026. These efforts underscore Moscow's commitment to becoming a leader in smart, AI integrated urban transport solutions.
Regulation and operational context
Additionally, under current Russian federal law, operators are required in tram cabins to oversee non-driving functions and ensure the safety of passengers. This legal requirement ensures the gradual and safe adoption of full autonomous standards. The system is strictly supervised to maintain passenger safety towards fully driverless operation during the transition period.
The software and automation systems were further developed by the Autonomous Transport Research Centre, a subsidiary of Moscow Metro. This demonstrates the strong public sector commitment to innovation. This includes using internal expertise and working with leading technology companies. These companies, including Nvidia, Huawei, Siemens and Yandex, have contributed to creating this advanced transportation solution.
The importance of Moscow and beyond
Furthermore, this AI-controlled tram represents a major step for Russia in adopting intelligent public transport technology. Self-driving cars are positioned to reduce human error and accidents. It is also expected to optimize traffic flows and provide reliable and efficient services for commuters.
In a broader context, autonomous public transport is consistent with global trends that emphasize sustainability and smart urban mobility, such as reducing traffic congestion and reducing emissions. And once AI-enabled streetcars and trains are deployed in Moscow, Russia is positioned alongside major international cities that integrate automation into mass transport.
Passengers on the Lvyonok Tram can expect a smooth and safe journey controlled by AI. TRAM features multiple sensors and artificial intelligence. These technologies ensure fast response to obstacles and strict adherence to schedules. Furthermore, transparency is enhanced by onboard displays that show performance metrics for key systems, building trust among users in this cutting-edge technology.
