An AI-generated video promoting Poland's exit from the European Union has surfaced on Polish-language social media, featuring a non-existent attractive young woman advocating for “Leave Paul.”
According to European analysis group Les Futura, one TikTok account called “Pravirne Polki” published content showing a woman wearing a T-shirt with the Polish flag and patriotic symbols on it. The content was aimed at an audience between the ages of 15 and 25.
“I want Polexit, even if it costs more, because I want freedom of choice. I don't remember Poland before the European Union, but I feel like it was more Polish back then,” he said.
In another video, he said, “When we talk about Polexit, we hear 'blackmail,' 'catastrophe,' and 'end of the world.' It's always the same pattern. Zero conversations about who really makes the decisions for us and why. Maybe it's time we start talking about it calmly.”
Some videos looked authentic, while others showed obvious signs of artificial intelligence, with visual and audio out of sync.
“The recordings were actually generated using generative artificial intelligence tools and the quality is not good at all,” Aleksandra Wojtowicz, senior analyst for new technologies and digitization at the Polish Institute of International Affairs, told Euronews.
“If you look at it for a while, you'll notice that the facial expressions are blurry and the phrases spoken by the recorded characters aren't completely natural.”
Although the “Prawilne_Polki” profile has been removed, Wojtowicz said similar accounts may emerge.
“For now, it is not clear who is behind the content. At the moment, there are several groups running different campaigns with the help of artificial intelligence,” said Wotowich, who has studied online disinformation for many years.
“They're often done on YouTube, but they're also done on TikTok.”
The “Hydra Effect” is underway
Similar content on YouTube imitates news services using synthetic voices or voices combined with generated faces and repeats pro-Russian narratives, including claims that the election was rigged or that Ukrainians are stealing, Wojtowicz said.
“Based on research interviews I conducted, it appears that this AI etiquette is largely obvious, annoying, and completely imperceptible to certain viewers,” Wojtowicz said.
The account was blocked after being reported by an organization or individual user. Wojtowicz said TikTok may be able to better detect disinformation content about Poland's potential exit from the European Union. If you search for “Polexit,” the platform will display a warning about misinformation.
“It is very common on TikTok for a 'hydra effect' to occur when such actions appear. Once these profiles are reported, several new profiles may appear,” Wojtowicz said.
“Now their creators are well aware that this is inefficient and that it is not worth publishing them again when there is a complete interest in this phenomenon, because they will be removed.”
Wojtowicz outlined two possible scenarios. For one thing, either the operation tested the response, or the disinformation attacker created an account and began to launch a campaign, but was quickly discovered. So they will go underground and come back again in the future.
Why a young and beautiful woman?
Wojtowicz said the content was specifically targeted at young women.
“When it comes to the far right, young girls tend to be the target. And who better to appeal to young women than other young women?” she added.
“We're seeing a phenomenon on social media like the tradwife movement, which is a lot in the United States, but it's also making inroads in Poland.”
During Poland's presidential election, numerous AI-generated videos persuaded women to vote for Sławomir Mentzen of the Coalition and Karol Nawrocki, a right-wing candidate backed by the Law and Justice, or PiS, party.
“It is clear that this group is very important and can be a fundamental vector for political change. It is no coincidence that it was women who played such an important role in 2023,” Wojtović said, referring to the parliamentary elections that saw PiS lose power for the first time in eight years.
“You can always count on the Russians.”
“Righteous Poles! You can always count on the Russians. They forgot to translate 'Pravilne',” wrote Civic Platform lawmaker Jarosław Urbaniak, referring to the Russian word “Pravilny”, which means “proper” or “correct”.
The term is used in Polish prison slang to describe a respected prisoner or someone who follows the rules of the community.
Independent web developer Radek Karbowski said this shows the need for AI regulation. He calculated that the “Prawilne_Polki” profile generated 200,000 impressions and almost 20,000 likes within two weeks. This ratio is 10% and influences the spread of content and drives algorithmic recommendations.
According to Polish portal site Kontakt24.pl, the TikTok channel was founded in May 2023, operates under a different name, and probably belongs to English-speaking users who publish entertainment content that has no connection to Poland.
On December 13th, the account underwent a major transformation with a new name, Prawilne_Polki, and the following description: “Beautiful Polish girls who speak their minds openly. Patriotism, sovereignty and normalcy in one place. No to Euroculchos #polexit.”
The takeover occurred when the account already had an established follower base. Three new style materials were published on December 13th. Two generated videos of women and a graphic asking, “If there was an election tomorrow, which party would be number one on the right?”
According to a survey conducted by UCE Research for Onet, TikTok was the main source of information about the Polish presidential election for 43.7% of respondents aged 18-25 in 2025.
In a December 22 United Surveys poll on Wirtualna Polska by IBRiS, 24.7% of respondents supported Polexit, while 65.7% opposed it.
A poll conducted in early December by the French magazine Le Grand Continen found that 25% of Poles supported Paul leaving, while 69% opposed such a move.
